モーツァルトは何が凄いのか?彼は、いったい何を成し遂げて、名声を得たのでしょうか。

Essay|2024.05.23

Photo_Kotaro Sakata
Text_Kotaro Sakata


What makes Mozart remarkable?
What did he achieve to earn his fame?
Mozart passed away in 1791 at the young age of 35, having composed over 700 works across various musical genres, and over 900 if you include his unfinished pieces. He composed a symphony at the age of five and an opera at the age of eight. In an era before computers, he wrote everything by hand—from chamber music and piano sonatas to vast symphonies and opera scores. Ahead of the 250th anniversary of Mozart’s birth, I conducted in-depth research in Vienna and his birthplace, Salzburg, to trace his footsteps before his legacy would get obscured during the memorial year. In stark contrast to Beethoven, Mozart’s original manuscripts appear as clean as if they were final copies, revealing that Mozart composed fully formed pieces in his head, progressing straight from concept to completion. He appears to have written the scores for individual instruments vertically, side by side on the sheet. A prodigious genius, he also mastered the violin, trumpet, and piano(which at the time would have been a fortepiano or harpsichord), and it’s speculated that had the modern piano with 88 keys existed then, he would have left even more impressive works.
After his death, Mozart was buried in a communal grave at St. Marx Cemetery on the outskirts of Vienna, which, at the time, was considered the lowest rank of burial, with up to 15 bodies possibly interred in the same grave. No one attended his burial, and to this day, the exact location of Mozart’s grave remains unknown.
Regarding his private life, Mozart was known for his reckless behavior, often causing distress for his wife Constanze. He often spent nights out with the talented and indulgent librettist Da Ponte, engaging in excessive drinking, gambling, and spending. Despite earning an income comparable to Vienna’s top surgeon—about 30 to 50 million yen in today’s terms—it is tragic that Mozart was only afforded the most basic funeral.
In his later years, Mozart became a member of the Freemasons and composed works like The Magic Flute and the Requiem, which reflected the society’s influences. Although there were notable composers before him, Mozart was the first major composer to transition from a salaried position to freelance, a transition that is in evidence in his minor-key pieces. While Mozart’s music is often described as soothing and pleasant, discovering the profound darkness hidden within his bright melodies can be a spine-tingling demonic experience. I encourage you to explore Mozart’s works and discover the darker parts of his heart.

a.ウィーン郊外の聖マルクス墓地内の路上にあるモーツァルトの墓石。しかし、ここに集団埋葬されているのではないか?ということで、決定的ではない。
b.モーツァルト作曲 10曲の弦楽四重奏曲集スコア(第14番~第23番)※筆者所有